In large green field plants such as refineries and petrochemical plants, a certain area is defined as the boiler island and all equipment in that area is required to be supplied by the boilermaker; also, all the TPs would be at the battery limits requiring considerable amounts of piping and pipe rack. All auxiliary plants […]

This term describes a package that is supplied by the boilermaker. In utility boilers, the orders are usually for basic boilers and the scope is as described earlier. As the boilers become smaller, it is normal to include the dust-collecting equipment. Also included are the immediate peripheral items such as the chemical dosing system comprising […]

Inputs and Outputs There are four main inputs and four outputs for any conventional boiler, excluding the RH. The terminal points (TPs) in these circuits define the end points of the scope of supply, with all equipment between the TPs within the scope of boiler suppliers. Table 1.1 the classical TABLE 1.1 Boiler Inputs and […]

Fuels have the most profound effect on the size and shape of a boiler, because all boilers have to be primarily built around the characteristics of the fuel to be burnt. When the fuels for the project are understood, the resultant customization of the boiler is better. Fuel flex­ibility in a boiler is most desirable, […]

Feed water temperature (FWT) varies from as low as 85°C for very low-capacity process plants with no feed heating (when there is no FW contamination) to as high as 270°C in very high-pressure (HP) power plants with several stages of feed heating. Feed water tem­peratures to boilers are usually at five levels. 1. At 85°C […]

SH Outlet Temperature Superheater outlet temperature is the temperature at which the steam leaves the SH. It is usually the highest temperature attained by the steam in a boiler. RH steam is sometimes slightly higher than the SH steam in large utility boilers. Superheater outlet temperature up to —350°C is usually not controlled, being used […]

This is the amount of steam generated from the FW supplied at a certain temperature. It is the capacity or the rating of the boiler expressed in pounds per hour (lb/h), kilograms per hour (kg/h), or kilograms per second (kg/s). In a reheater (RH) boiler, heat is added to steam to raise its temperature from […]

Boilers are always specified by the four most important attributes, in addition to the types of fuel to be fired: 1. Steam flow or evaporation 2. Steam outlet pressure (SOP) 3. Steam outlet temperature (SOT) 4. Feed water (FW) inlet temperature

There are several ways of classifying boilers as shown in the following sections. The list covers most types but cannot be construed as complete. First Classification The first classification of boilers is based on what flows through the boiler tubes. • Fire or smoke or flue tube or shell-type boilers in which flue gases are […]

Boiler codes define a boiler variously. A boiler is a pressure-holding container producing steam at a pressure of generally 2 bar and higher. There is, however, no universal definition.